Polysubstance Abuse: Definition, Symptoms, and How to Get Help
Polysubstance abuse occurs when someone regularly uses more than one drug at a time, often mixing substances like alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, or stimulants. While some people combine drugs intentionally to intensify effects or manage side effects, others do so unknowingly, unaware of the heightened risks. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), polysubstance use is becoming increasingly common and significantly raises the risk of overdose and long-term health complications.
Common Drug Combinations and Why They’re Dangerous
Some of the most dangerous combinations include alcohol with benzodiazepines, opioids with stimulants, or multiple depressants taken together. For example, mixing opioids and benzos can dangerously suppress respiratory function, while combining stimulants and alcohol can mask intoxication, increasing the likelihood of overconsumption.
Why People Engage in Polysubstance Use
There are many reasons someone may use multiple substances. Some are seeking a stronger high, while others are attempting to counterbalance one drug’s side effects with another (like taking a depressant to calm down after using a stimulant). In some cases, underlying mental health disorders such as anxiety, PTSD, or depression lead individuals to self-medicate with different drugs.
Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms
Signs of polysubstance use can include unpredictable mood swings, impaired coordination, memory problems, changes in sleep or appetite, secretive behavior, or unexplained financial issues. Family and friends may notice their loved one cycling through different “highs” or appearing drowsy and hyperactive at different times.
Mental Health and Polysubstance Use
The relationship between mental health and polysubstance abuse is deeply intertwined. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), individuals with mental health conditions are more likely to misuse multiple substances as a form of coping. But this only worsens symptoms and complicates treatment.
When to Seek Help: Red Flags You Shouldn’t Ignore
If someone you love is mixing substances, even occasionally, it’s important to pay attention to patterns. Increasing tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite harm are signs that help is needed. Polysubstance use often requires professional treatment, including medical detox and integrated mental health care.Recovery is possible—and the earlier the intervention, the safer and more effective the outcome.
